定语从句讲解
一、了解定语从句及相关术语 1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面，相当于形容词在句中作定语。 2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有where，when，why等。 He is the man who I want to see. 他就是我想见的人。 先行词 关系词 定语从句 二、掌握关系代词及其作用 最常用的关系代词是who, whom, whose, that，which和as。关系代词同时起了两个作用。它们可以像别的代词一样，可以代表一个名词，在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，同时，它们又起到了连词的作用，把主句和从句连接起来。 1. who指人，在定语从句中一般做主语。如： Do you know the man who is speaking to your father? 你认识和你爸爸讲话的那个人吗？(定语从句修饰先行词the man，who在定语从句中作is speaking的主语） This is the stranger who helped us yesterday. 这是昨天帮助我们的那个陌生人。 She is the girl who works hard at maths. 她就是那个努力学习数学的女孩。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可以省略。如： He is the man (whom) we just talked about. 他就是我们刚才谈论的那个人。 The boy (whom) we met in the street yesterday is my classmate. 我们昨天在大街上遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。 3. whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语修饰它后面的名词。如： This is the girl whose father is a policeman. 这就是那个爸爸是警察的女孩。 They live in a house whose windows face south. 他们住在一座窗子朝南的房子里。 4. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如： Physics is a subject which is very difficult to learn. 物理是一门很难学的科目。（在定语从句中做主语，不能省略） Apples are the fruit (which) she likes best. 苹果是她最喜欢的水果。 5. that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如： He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 We like programs that are very interesting. 我们喜欢有趣的节目。 She is the woman （that） we saw in the bookshop. 她是我们在书店见到的那名妇女。 6. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。如： The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 来这个城市参观的.人数每年增长一百万。 Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 今天早晨我看见的那个人在哪里？ 三、掌握关系副词及其作用 关系副词有when、where、why，他们在引导定语从句时，既在定语从句中充当状语，又起连接作用。 1. When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。如： I still remember the day when I first came to Dalian. 我仍然记得第一次来大连那天的情景。 He told me the date when he joined the party. 他告诉了我他入党的时间。 They stayed with me for three weeks when they drank all the wine I had.他们和我一起住了三个星期，在那三周里，把我所有的葡萄酒都喝光了。 2. where指地点、在定语从句中充当地点状语。如： This is the house where we lived when we were young. 这就是我们小时候住的房子。 This is the village where I grew up. 这就是我长大的那个村庄。 Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake. 杭州是个有一个美丽的湖泊的城市。 3. why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。如： I know the reason why he was late for the meeting. 我知道他开会迟到的原因。 Do you know the reason why he refused the invitation? 你知道他拒绝应邀的原因吗？ That is the reason why I’ve changed so much. 那就是我变化这么快的原因。 四、学习定语从句应该注意的问题 1. 关系代词和关系副词的选用 如果先行词是表示时间或地点的名词，不能就一律断定要用关系副词when或where，务必要看引导词在从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，用关系副词，如做主语或宾语要用关系代词。当reason做先行词时，也需注意其引导词在从句中作什么成分，不能断定一概用why来引导。如： I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起工作的时光。 （work是不及物动词，when在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词。） I’ll never forget the time (which/that) we spent together. 我将永远不会忘记我们一起渡过的时光。 spend是及物动词，which/that在定语从句中作宾语，故用关系代词，也可以省略。） This is the factory where he worked before. 这是他以前工作过的工厂。（work是不及物动词，where在定语从句中作状语。） This is the factory which/that he visited before. 这是他以前参观过的工厂。（visit是及物动词，which/that在从句中作宾语，亦可省略。） The reason why I was absent yesterday was that I was ill. 我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。定语从句中缺状语，表示原因，故用关系副词why） The reason that he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.他所解释的迟到的原因是他误了头班汽车。（explain是及物动词，that在从句中作其宾语） 再看一个例题： （1）This is the factory ________ I visited last year. （2）This is the factory _______ I worked last year. （3）This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose 以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：（1）和（3）选B. which。（2）选A. where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；（1）中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory，因此选which。（2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory，因此选where。（3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。 2. 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? 你把李先生说的话都记下来了吗？ There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 在他看来世界上似乎没有不可能的是。 All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事情都做了。 2）当先行词被序数词修饰。如： The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方就是“大本钟”。 3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： I think the film Assembly is the best film that I have seen. 我认为电影《集结号》是我看过的最好的电影。 4）当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时。如： This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这就是我想买的那本辞典。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 房子失火以后，那辆旧汽车就是他唯一的财产。 5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如： Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那儿那个人是谁？ Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件T恤适合我穿？ 6）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。如： Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?你还记得我们学到的那个科学家及他的理论吗？ 3. 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1）定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系。如： The plane that has just taken off is for London. 刚起飞的飞机是去伦敦的。（定语从句） The fact that he has been dead is clear. 他已经死亡的事实是清楚的。（同位语从句） 2）定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分。如： The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.我们现在面临的问题是怎样筹集那么多钱。 （定语从句） The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 怎样筹集钱的问题很难解决。（同位语从句） 3）同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以。如： The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.地球绕着太阳转这一事实是众所周知的。（同位语从句） The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. 这个事实就是地球绕着太阳转。 3. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 4. that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 五、考点链接 1. 考查that Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what (2005北京春) 【解析】C、从句中visited 是及物动词，而且没有宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句。 2. 考查who，whom和whose 1）Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填表; 不填（2006北京卷） 【解析】C、第一空定语从句缺少主语，必须用who，不能省略；第二空也是关系代词作主语，不能省略。 2）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. what （2006福建卷） 【解析】A、从句中缺少的是roof的定语，在定语从句中关系代词作定语用whose，whose可以修饰人，也可以修饰物。 3. 考查when，where和when 1）—Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm _________ we worked. （2007 山东卷） A. that B. there C. which D. where 【解析】D、work是不及物动词，不需要宾语，所以用where引导定语从句。
英语定语从句讲解
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
定语从句功能及位置
功能：定语从句相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
例：Those who are willing to attend the party , sign your names here please.
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。(定语从句的概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.）
关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词常有3个作用：
①连接作用，引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。
先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。如The man The book
关系代词引导的定语从句举例
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1,who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下：
(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师
2,Whose 用来指人或物
(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替）
(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
(2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
(3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。
3,which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：
(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）
(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语）
4,as
as 可以做主语，也可以作宾语，作宾语时一般不省略，指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。
5，as与which的区别
①as可以放在句首，而which不行
②as表示主观，which表示客观事实
③as引导非限制性定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
when指时间
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
where指地点
在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
why指原因
在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
先行词和关系词
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C。
此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B。
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
2. 动词短语先行成分。
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。
3. 句子作先行成分。
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：
1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能
一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。
1. 表示结果
表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。
2. 表示评注
表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。
3. 有无状语意义
“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
四、关系代词as与which的句法功能
1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。
as作主语时，谓语动词常为连系动词（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主动被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。
2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。
which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：
I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
求定语从句讲解及练习
一、基本概念
（一） 定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二） 先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法
（一）基本用法
根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
如下表：
关系词先行词从句成分例句备注
关系代词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.
that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略
例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）
① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）
② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）
③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）
④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）
⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）
注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④）
（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况
which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
但在有些情况下，只用 that。
⑴先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
例如：
① This is the best that has been used against pollution.
② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
例如：
① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.
② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.
⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。
例如：
① You should hand in all that you have.
② We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修饰时。
例如：
① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
② The little money (that) he had was stolen.
（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情况
⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时。
例如：
① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it.
⑵先行词是those时。
例如：
① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.
（四）其它情况
⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。
例如：
① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.
⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时。
例如：
① Which is the bike that you lost?
② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
（五）与whose有关的问题
⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
例如：
① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
② Please show me the book whose cover is red.
⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。
例如：
① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.
→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或
→ The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.
三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。
例如：
Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词with的宾语）
→Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now?
但是，要注意的是：
⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。
⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。
⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。
例如：
①错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?
正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?
②错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.
正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
例如：
①Who is the guy that is reading over there?
②The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000.
③All that needs to be done has been done.
④He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study.
⑤Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.
例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数。例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。
that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
情况用法说明例句
只用that的情况1．先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。
2．先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时
3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4．先行词既指人又指物时
5．先行词被the only, the very修饰时
6．句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everything that he knows.
2. All the books that you offered have been given out.
3. This is the best film that I have ever read.
4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5. He is the only man that I want to see.
6. Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情况1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3．先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
二、语法知识拓展
（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。
1. Rice is a plant ________ is grown in the south.
2. Those ________ want to go please sign their names here.
3. All ________ glitters is not gold.
4. This is the only way leads to your success.
5. Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.
6. This is the biggest building ________we have ever built in our school.
7. This is the second school ________ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.
8. There is a mountain ________ top is always covered with snow.
9. You can take any seat ________ is free.
10. Could you tell me from _________ you borrowed this book?
（二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1. The lady is a film star.
You took a photo of the lady yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. What’s the address of the factory?
We noticed the advertisement of the factory the other day.
________________________________________________________________________
3. This is the stadium
He often goes to the stadium on Sundays.
________________________________________________________________________
4. A professor is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.
He has been working on environmental protection.
________________________________________________________________________
5. He hasn’t got enough money.
He can buy a laptop with the money.
________________________________________________________________________
（三）单项填空
1. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who B. / C. that D. when
2. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
3. He talked about a hero no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
4. Have you read the book I lent to you?
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
5. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
6. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.
A. which price B. the price of whoseC. its price D. whose price
7. Lily, is Helen ______ you want to introduce me to?
A. that B. who C. whom D. the girl
8. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers ______ they had seen.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
9. This is the only bus ______ goes to the village school.
A. / B. that C. where D. it
10. Is there a shop around _______sells China Daily?
A. who B. where C. in which D. which
11. She was the only one of the girls in our class _______ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students’ Union.
A. who was B. who were C. who has been D. who have been
12. She is no longer the sweet little girl ______ she used to be.
A. what B. who C. when D. that
13. Is this singer ______ songs you like best?
A. who’s B. whose C. which D the one whose
14. He got angry with _____ was against his opinion.
A. who B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
15. Anyone _____with what I said may raise your hand.
A. which agreesB. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree
16. That’s the dog ______.
A. we’ve been looking after B. after which we’ve been looking
C. what we’ve been looking after D. we’ve been taking care for
17. This is the last time ______ I’ll give you a lesson.
A. when B. that C. what D. as
18. The family _____ I stayed with in Paris are coming to London.
A. whose B. which C. what D. whom
19. This is the very knife ______ I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. that B. by which C. which D. with which
20. China has many rivers, _____ the Yangtze River is the longest..
A. which B. in which C. among which D. one of which
21. The use they are ______ the waste helps to save a lot of money.
A. made ofB. made fromC. making up ofD. making of
22. That tree, the branches ______ are almost bare, is a very old one.
A. whose B. in which C. of which D. of it
23. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. thatB. who C. from whom D. to whom
24. What is the way Smith thought of ______ enough money to buy the new house?
A. getting B. having got C. being got D. to get
25. Jack spent as much time as he could ______ over his lessons.
A. going B. went C. go D. to go
26. The freezing point is the temperature ______ water changes into ice.
A. at which B. on that C. when D. of which
27. I am impressed by the fact that he makes good use of every minute _____ he can spare.
A. that B. in which C. in that D. when
28. This is the last time ______ I will write to you.
A. when B. that C. what D. as
29. I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to me.
A. what B. by which C. by that D. /
30. The train ______ he was traveling was delayed for more than an hour.
A. by which B. on which C. for which D. on that
参考答案
（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。
1. that/which 2. who 3. that 4. that 5. that
6. (that) 7. (that) 8. whose 9. that 10. whom
（二）用定语从句合并下列句子
1. The lady (that/who/whom) you took a photo of yesterday is a film star.
2. What’s the address of the factory whose advertisement we noticed the other day?
3. This is the stadium he often goes to on Sundays.
4. A professor who/that has been working on environmental protection is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.
5. He hasn’t got enough money with which he can buy a laptop.
（三）单项填空
1-5 CCAAD 6-10 DDABD 11-15 ADBCC 16-20 ABDAC 21-25 DCDDA
26-30 AABDB
求定语从句的例句
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) color is green.
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
别人意见 经供参考
定语从句引导词及用法总结有哪些？
1、关系代词有：that，which，who，whom，whose，在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose作定语。代人的有：who，whom，whose，that；代物的有：that，which，whose。2、关系副词有：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因），在定语从句中作状语。注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。关系选择关系词包括关系代词（英语：relative pronoun）、关系副词（英语：relative adverb）和关系限定词（英语：relative determiner）。关系词的选择主要涉及以下因素：1、先行词是人还是事物。2、关系词在关系从句中的句法功能。3、关系从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。4、是口语还是书面语。
定语从句 引导词如何使用?
引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等.关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分.
关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
[编辑本段]（六）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词.例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) .
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般http://baike.baidu.com/view/56536.html?wtp=tt放在句首,which在句中.
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